@article { author = {Moustafa, Shaima and Abdelzaher, Hani}, title = {Increasing of Tomato Yield Grown in Hydroponic System Using Pythium oligandrum Isolated from Khoaa, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Microbiology}, volume = {53}, number = {1}, pages = {1-8}, year = {2018}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology}, issn = {0022-2704}, eissn = {2357-0881}, doi = {10.21608/ejm.2018.2631.1039}, abstract = {THERE WERE excellent results for tomato yield in hydroponic applications in many countries of the world. It is desirable to look for ways designed to test the ability of two isolates of Pythium oligandrum, isolated from rhizosphere of alfalfa cultivated in Khoaa, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia, to increase yield of tomato in hydroponic system. There were significant increase of fresh and dry matter of shoot, root systems as well fruits of tomato plants cultivated in hydroponic system supplemented with each of P. oligandrum isolates (JU0328 & JU0329). Results showed that hydroponics cultivation system treated with P. oligandrum had beneficial effect on increasing yield of tomato as well as suggesting alternative methods to traditional agriculture, especially in arid areas with poor soil quality.}, keywords = {biofertilizers,Hydroponic,Pythium oligandrum,Saudi Arabia,Tomato}, url = {https://ejm.journals.ekb.eg/article_5177.html}, eprint = {https://ejm.journals.ekb.eg/article_5177_e3dbc8bd4d25218b6da2f1df29c3af58.pdf} } @article { author = {Ibrahim, Sahar}, title = {Fermentation, Extraction and Characterization of Antimicrobial Agent from Marine Saccharomonospora viridis AHK 190}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Microbiology}, volume = {53}, number = {1}, pages = {9-21}, year = {2018}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology}, issn = {0022-2704}, eissn = {2357-0881}, doi = {10.21608/ejm.2018.2823.1046}, abstract = {S TUDY is aimed to ferment, isolate and characterize a significant antimicrobial metabolite from the marine thermophilic, Saccharomonospora viridis AHK 190. Maximum yield of a wide spectrum antimicrobial agent was optimized and fermented by Saccharomonospora viridis AHK 190. Extraction, purification and molecular formula elucidation of the fermented agent were also assayed. A diversity of human microbial pathogens was applied as indicators in the antibiosis assay. Thin layer chromatography technique was employed for partial purification of the antimicrobial agent. Spectral and elemental analysis studies were as well screened for molecular formula elucidation of the purified compound. Actinomycete optimum growth and maximum antibiotic fermentation were confirmed after 3 days of incubation at 55oC under the effect of pH at 8.0 and shaking at 180 rpm. In addition, maximum antibiotic production was achieved with galactose, aspartic acid, 3.0% NaCl and 0.11% K2HPO4; while pyridoxine, starch, 5.0% NaCl and 0.11% K2HPO4 encouraged the actinomycete optimum growth. Elucidated molecular formula of the under-test antimicrobial compound was found as C31H34O4S3 of molecular weight = 567. It is of a new chemical formula different from other current main classes of antibiotics.}, keywords = {Marine actinomycetes,antitumor activity, Saccharomonospora viridis ,Antibiosis}, url = {https://ejm.journals.ekb.eg/article_6720.html}, eprint = {https://ejm.journals.ekb.eg/article_6720_81fcd0fff37a2d2f38aa89748e1251f3.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Badry, Anwer and El-Debaiky, Samah}, title = {Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Some Enzymes of Trichoderma harzianum Immobilized on Polyester Cloth Films on The Disease Incidence of Postharvest Black Mold Disease of Tomatoes}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Microbiology}, volume = {53}, number = {1}, pages = {23-35}, year = {2018}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology}, issn = {0022-2704}, eissn = {2357-0881}, doi = {10.21608/ejm.2018.3022.1051}, abstract = {THE CRUDE extract activity was tested in the present study for some enzymes of Trichoderma harzianum, immobilized on polyester cloth films against the postharvest black mold disease of tomato fruit caused by Alternaria alternata. Firstly, the antifungal activity of T. harzianum against A. alternata was examined by the dual culture method using PDA plates, as it clearly inhibited the linear growth of A. alternata where the inhibition percentage was 66.5%. The hyphal interactions between both fungi were explored microscopically where hyphae of T. harzianum penetrated inside the hyphae of A. alternata then lysed them. The lysis of pathogenic cells was referred to the presence of cellulase, chitinase and glucose oxidase enzymes of T. harzianum. These enzymes were assayed quantitatively; then immobilized separately on sterile polyester films where their activity and stability were estimated in both crude cell free filtrates and saturated films. The immobilization of the tested enzymes on the polyester films showed promising findings in raising the enzyme persistence. In the meantime, these enzymatic polyester films were tested as tomato fruit coverage against the postharvest black mold disease at room temperature for 15 days. The cellulase films showed promising results, where they completely lowered the disease incidence to 0% after 4 and 7 days while it recorded 33.3 and 100% after 10 and 15 days, respectively.}, keywords = {Polyester film, Trichoderma harzianum ,Alternaria alternata,Tomatoes,Black mold,Cellulase,Chitinase and Glucose oxidase}, url = {https://ejm.journals.ekb.eg/article_7462.html}, eprint = {https://ejm.journals.ekb.eg/article_7462_b1efbe38b82abf59407bc02c85063173.pdf} } @article { author = {Rasmey, Abdel-Hamied and Aboseidah, Akram and Youssef, Alshimaa}, title = {Application of Langmuir and Freundlich Isotherm Models on Biosorption of Pb2+ by Freez-dried Biomass of Pseudomonas aeruginosa }, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Microbiology}, volume = {53}, number = {1}, pages = {37-48}, year = {2018}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology}, issn = {0022-2704}, eissn = {2357-0881}, doi = {10.21608/ejm.2018.2998.1050}, abstract = {TODAY, the pollution of soil and aquatic environment by lead metal ion results from the discharged industrial waste water represents serious environmental problem. Biosorption is an ecofriendly technology that uses microbial biomasses to bind heavy metals on their surfaces by physicochemical pathways from waste water. Seventy-two bacterial isolates resistant to lead metal ion were recovered from 30 sewage water samples collected from different streets of Faisal district in Suez Governorate, Egypt. Interestingly, the isolate number 2103 was selected among them as the most highly resistant to high concentrations of Pb2+. This isolate was characterized morphologically, biochemically and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and deposited in the GenBank database under the accession number KY712434. Studying the effects of contact time and pH on Pb2+ biosorption by the freeze-dried biomass of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2103 revealed that the maximum biosorption was achieved within 30min at pH 6. The maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of Pb2+ removal by the freeze-dried biomass of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2103 was 114.94mg/g. The regression coefficients (R2) were 0.8847 and 0.9751 from the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, respectively, so the biosorption of Pb2+ onto the biomass of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2103 has been found to fits Freundlich isotherm model better than Langmuir isotherm model.}, keywords = {Lead,Pseudomonas,Langmuir,Freundlich,Biosorption,GenBank}, url = {https://ejm.journals.ekb.eg/article_8988.html}, eprint = {https://ejm.journals.ekb.eg/article_8988_500a3f5488a687c659648b16ea3973d4.pdf} } @article { author = {Abou El Nour, Mona and El-Mokadem, Mehreshan and Mohammad, Zeinat and Abdel-Wahab, Ghada}, title = {Potential of Diethyl Ether Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) Extract against Different Pathogens and in Combination with Antibiotic against MDR- resistant Staphylococcus aureus }, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Microbiology}, volume = {53}, number = {1}, pages = {49-68}, year = {2018}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology}, issn = {0022-2704}, eissn = {2357-0881}, doi = {10.21608/ejm.2018.2765.1043}, abstract = {IN VITRO antimicrobial activity of different Syzygium aromaticum (clove) extracts was evaluated against 11 microbial strains sensitive to antibiotics. The antimicrobial activity was further evaluated against four clinical bacterial isolates resistant to antibiotics. The broad spectrum of activity was recorded for the diethyl ether extract comparative to other tested solvents. The clove extract was screened for its MIC against the tested strains, the MIC varied between 0.05 and 500μg/ml. The MIC of each clove extract and ciprofloxacin against the MDR- Staphylococcus aureus were also evaluated and found to be 1024 and 256μg/ml, respectively. The interaction between clove extract and ciprofloxacin was described in terms of fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indices with the resistant Staphylococcus aureus a synergistic effect was verified from this combination. Separation of phytochemicals of diethyl ether clove extract indicating the presence of three different compounds. The antimicrobial activity of each separated compound was detected against the sensitive strain Staphylococcus aureus and compared with the microbial activity of the entire crude extract which gave better activity compared to the separated fractions. Clove extract was characterized by GC/MS, eugenol (59.7%) and eugenol acetate (34.5%) were recorded as major constituents. The anti-cancer potentiality of clove extract was assessed with different concentrations against breast (MCF-7) and colon (HCT-116) cancer cell lines. Growth inhibition percentage for colon cancer reached its maximum value (86.4%) at 125μg/ml, while, for breast cancer, it was 84.2% at 50μg/ml. The IC50 for breast and colon cancer were 26.5 and 27μg/ml, respectively.}, keywords = { Syzygium aromaticum ,phytochemicals,eugenol,Eugenol acetate,Anticancer}, url = {https://ejm.journals.ekb.eg/article_8987.html}, eprint = {https://ejm.journals.ekb.eg/article_8987_8aeef83b83d0d3a9930f445551ad2d01.pdf} } @article { author = {Elgazzar, Nashwa and Rabie, Gamal}, title = {Application of Silver Nanoparticles on Cephalosporium maydis In vitro and In vivo }, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Microbiology}, volume = {53}, number = {1}, pages = {69-81}, year = {2018}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology}, issn = {0022-2704}, eissn = {2357-0881}, doi = {10.21608/ejm.2018.3452.1057}, abstract = {IT IS NOTICEABLE that Cephalosporium maydis causes late wilt disease that is considered sole of the ultimate destructive diseases in Zea maize. The crop output is declined due to the infection riskiness raises. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared using a simple bio-reduction method, which is ecologically welcomed and cost-effective. In our investigation, the effect the antifungal activity of AgNPs was evaluated alone or combined with one of each two different fungicides on C. maydis in vitro and in vivo. An isolate of Aspergillus niger previously isolated and identified in our laboratory was used to induce AgNPs. The NPs production,s undergone to optimization study for increasing AgNPs product besides its stability. AgNPs production after optimization showed very stable product compared with those before optimization conditions. A significant increase in the absorbance was noticed from 0.8OD into 1.25OD and the NPs size decreased from 19nm into 9nm. In addition, TEM showed more obvious and clear AgNPs, in addition, a higher degree of stability and protein functional surface reactive groups at (-29.3mv) with single peak was revealed for six months. Under laboratory conditions, the higher rate of growth inhibition of C. maydis was obvious in case of using AgNPs either alone or combined with fungicides. Parallel results were found under greenhouse conditions where AgNPs caused a severe reduction in disease severity of C. maydis infected plants accounting (57.7%) alone or combined with Maxim XL (75.5%) or Vitavax (90%). This research opens up new possibilities in the field of using AgNPs in plant disease treatment.}, keywords = {Aspergillus niger , Cephalosporium maydis ,fungicides,Plant disease,silver nanoparticles}, url = {https://ejm.journals.ekb.eg/article_8989.html}, eprint = {https://ejm.journals.ekb.eg/article_8989_a881080d381e47c647a7062fb3252313.pdf} } @article { author = {Moussa, Shimaa and Abdou, Dalia and Mohamed, Gamal and Abo-El-Seoud, Mohamed and Karam Eldin, Al-Zahraa and El-mehalawy, Adel}, title = {Production of Red Pigment by Monascus purpureus Nrrl 1992 under Submerged and Solid-state Fermentation}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Microbiology}, volume = {53}, number = {1}, pages = {83-94}, year = {2018}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology}, issn = {0022-2704}, eissn = {2357-0881}, doi = {10.21608/ejm.2018.3962.1059}, abstract = {OWING to its broad industrial applications, the present study was directed to study the production of red pigment by Monascus purpureus under submerged and solid state fermentations. The effect of gamma radiation on pigment production was studied. The antifungal activity of red pigment was evaluated against some plant pathogens. The results show that maximum yield of pigment was achieved with fermentation conducted on modified Linʼs (ML) broth medium at 30°C and pH 7 for 16 days. Maltose (50g/L) and peptone (2.5g/L) were found the most suitable carbon and nitrogen sources for maximum pigment production. In solid state fermentation, maximum pigment yield was achieved using potato peel as a solid substrate optimized by using ML broth as a moistening agent at 75% moisture content and incubated for 16 days. Gamma radiation at 1KGy was found to be the most effective dose of those tested for maximum pigment production. The antifungal activity of pigment indicated activity against Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Alternaria sp. Besides, there was no activity against Fusarium solani and Penicillium sp.}, keywords = {Red pigment,Submerged fermentation,solid-state fermentation, Monascus purpureus }, url = {https://ejm.journals.ekb.eg/article_8990.html}, eprint = {https://ejm.journals.ekb.eg/article_8990_c9e0940bd22cf547210ab59984316b21.pdf} } @article { author = {Ibrahim, Heba and Mohamed, Samar and Mohamed, Enas and Karam El-din, Al-zahraa}, title = {Assessment of the Antifungal Potential of Selected Desert Plant Extracts against Pathogenic Human Fungi}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Microbiology}, volume = {53}, number = {1}, pages = {95-110}, year = {2018}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology}, issn = {0022-2704}, eissn = {2357-0881}, doi = {10.21608/ejm.2018.4010.1062}, abstract = {THE ANTIFUNGAL activities of six selected desert plants belonging to families Chenopodiaceae, Solanaceae, Brassicaceae, Fabiaceae, Zygophyllaceae and Aizoaceae from the North Western Mediterranean coastal region, Egypt, were investigated against six human pathogenic fungal species (Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Trichosporon sp., Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus versicolor). Aqueous as well as organic crude extracts of the selected desert plants were screened against the different human pathogenic fungal species. Results demonstrate that the non-polar fraction of Atriplex halimus L. and Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. exhibited the most antagonistic activity. The MIC values of fractions against yeasts and moulds ranged from 0.195 to 6.25mg/ml, whereas the fungicidal activity ranged from 0.781–12.5mg/ml. The most efficient antifungal activity was displayed by the petroleum ether fraction of M. crystallinum L. which inhibited the growth of yeast at MIC value of 0.195mg/ml and moulds at MIC values that ranged from 1.56–3.12mg/ml. Notably, the majority of combinations between plant extracts and antifungal drugs and/or plant extracts showed synergistic antifungal activities against the tested fungal species. As for the probable mechanism for the observed antifungal activity of the petroleum ether fraction of M. crystallinum, a considerable reduction in the ergosterol content and leakage of plasma and cellular membranes of the tested fungal species.}, keywords = {Desert plants,antifungal activity,Synergistic effect,Plasma membrane,Ergosterol}, url = {https://ejm.journals.ekb.eg/article_9480.html}, eprint = {https://ejm.journals.ekb.eg/article_9480_48103b4a10b23feb0256ff72704bd0a1.pdf} } @article { author = {Younos, Marwa and Abdou, Dalia and Karam El-Deen, Al Zahraa and El-Mehalawy, Adel and Abd El Galil, Mona and Embaby, El-Sayed and Mohammed, Sherif}, title = {Aflatoxigenic Fungi Occurrence in Some Processed Meat Products and their Control by Some Plant Extracts in vitro }, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Microbiology}, volume = {53}, number = {1}, pages = {111-125}, year = {2018}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology}, issn = {0022-2704}, eissn = {2357-0881}, doi = {10.21608/ejm.2018.4771.1067}, abstract = {THE CURRENT research was focused on the isolation and identification of aflatoxigenic fungi and aflatoxins associated with some processed meat samples, i.e. basterma, beef burger, luncheon meat, and sausage samples and their control using some plant extracts as Euphorbia cotinifolia L., E. tirucalli L. and Rhus coriaria L. Randomly 48 samples of processed meat products (12 for each) were collected from different companies and analyzed for mycological examination and aflatoxins contamination. Data indicated that, Basterma samples had the highest mean total fungal count, (674 fungal colonies/10g). Identification of all isolated fungal genera were Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Epicoccum, Geotrichum, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Phoma and Trichoderma. The highest aflatoxins contamination was found in basterma meat sample. Results also cleared that, all tested ethanolic plant extracts were found to significantly decrease the mycelium dry weight (g) and spore germination of A. flavus and A. parasiticus at all different concentrations. The most effective plant extract against tested fungi was R. coriaria L. extract.}, keywords = {processed meat,Fungal contamination,Aflatoxin,Plant extracts}, url = {https://ejm.journals.ekb.eg/article_11998.html}, eprint = {https://ejm.journals.ekb.eg/article_11998_ec0e916f7617af42f71cc4fef70a7a76.pdf} } @article { author = {Abd El-Salam, Soheir and Ghaly, Mohamed and Yassin, Mohamed and A., Attia and Sallam, Sally}, title = {Plant Extracts as Inhibitors of Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Microbiology}, volume = {53}, number = {1}, pages = {127-139}, year = {2018}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology}, issn = {0022-2704}, eissn = {2357-0881}, doi = {10.21608/ejm.2018.3902.1058}, abstract = {RECENT interest in natural materials, especially plant extracts, has increased as natural food preservatives following the rise of antimicrobial resistance, as well as the bad reputation of industrial preservatives of consumers. This study aims to evaluate the potential use of plant extracts as an effective and safe alternative for food preservation. Also, it provides factors influencing anti-bacterial effect using meat-based and milk-based models.Ethanolic plant extracts produced extremely important antimicrobial effects via inhibiting the tested multi-drug resistant bacteria. Sumac (Rhus coriaria) found to be the most effective extract producing inhibition zones average 27mm, followed by clove, rosemary and lemon (24mm, 21mm and 18mm, respectively), Whereas black pepper showed intermediate activity (10-16mm). The aqueous extracts showed lower activity. The combination of sumac with clove and clove with rosemary produced additive effect in most cases, whereas, sumac with rosemary produced synergistic effect in all cases. On the other hand, combination of sumac with clove and rosemary produced antagonistic effect.The interaction or reaction of plant extracts with food components reduced the antibacterial effects of plant extracts; therefore, higher concentrations of used extracts were required to do the same effects in meat-based and milk-based models as in microbiological medium. The results indicated that plant extracts possessing antimicrobial activity can be used as ideal food preservatives after taken into account the reaction and interaction between food components and extract.}, keywords = {Natural Preservatives,Food models,Sumac,clove,rosemary}, url = {https://ejm.journals.ekb.eg/article_11996.html}, eprint = {https://ejm.journals.ekb.eg/article_11996_179b333bb52df2b6124c1a7cd2ad9173.pdf} } @article { author = {Eissa, Eman and El-Sayed, Talat and Attia, A. and Rashed, Mohamed and Refaat, Heba}, title = {Proinflammatory Cytokines in Plasma of Patients with Typhoid Fever and Resistance to Therapy}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Microbiology}, volume = {53}, number = {1}, pages = {141-149}, year = {2018}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology}, issn = {0022-2704}, eissn = {2357-0881}, doi = {10.21608/ejm.2018.3992.1061}, abstract = {TYPHOID fever a food-borne disease caused by Salmonella species, is a worldwide prevalent disease. In endemic areas, children are at highest risk owing to weaning from passively acquired maternal antibody and lack of acquired immunity. Several studies have been done to clarify the pathogenesis and underlying immune aspects of typhoid fever.The Objective is to study the changes of some proinflammatory cytokines in plasma of children and adults with typhoid fever and resistance to therapy.This study included 128 cases from which 34 consecutive children and adult admitted to Benha Fever Hospital with proven diagnosis of typhoid fever patients with typhoid fever resistant to combined therapy with Ciprofloxacin and Cefotax in addition to Zithrokan and Zantac have higher plasma levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha. Toxic look, constipation and splenomegaly may be considered as indicators of drug resistance.Study of changes in the levels of some cytokines may offer a new dimension in the assessment of the clinical efficacy of antimicrobial therapy.}, keywords = {Salmonella ,Typhoid Fever,Cytokines}, url = {https://ejm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12783.html}, eprint = {https://ejm.journals.ekb.eg/article_12783_5afbe97d9ab6d67cb61e0cd1f321aa31.pdf} } @article { author = {Ibrahim, Abdelnasser and El-Dewany, Ahmed I.}, title = {Recent Trends for Discovery and Enhancement of Enzyme Function: A Review}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Microbiology}, volume = {53}, number = {1}, pages = {151-175}, year = {2018}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology}, issn = {0022-2704}, eissn = {2357-0881}, doi = {10.21608/ejm.2018.2837.1047}, abstract = {RECENTLY, there is a growing recognition of enzymes utilization as ecofriendly alternative for chemical catalysts in various industrial sectors. Two main approaches are used to expand the enzymes utilization in various industrial applications including (i) Searching nature for discovery of better performing novel biocatalysts and (ii) Improvement of the enzyme function and properties. The recent advances in biocatalyst discovery and engineering have led to an increase of the efficiency and functional diversityof enzymes. Therefore, enzyme application is expanding to broader industrial processes, including those which were previously restricted to the classical chemical catalysts. Furthermore, there is a significant success in developing made-to-order enzymes that meet the industrial process conditions requirements, leading to more efficient and cost-effective processes. Here I highlight state-of-the-art strategies and tools for novel enzyme discovery and function enhancement, including enzyme engineering at the molecular level through different approaches such as directed evolution, rational design, semi rational design and computational de novo enzyme design; in addition to the recently developed field, nanobiocatalysis.}, keywords = {Enzyme engineering,Novel enzymes discovery,Directed evolution,Rational design,metagenomics,Nanobiocatalysis}, url = {https://ejm.journals.ekb.eg/article_13569.html}, eprint = {https://ejm.journals.ekb.eg/article_13569_16e92e8c4b003650805fac3c1a0e81a1.pdf} } @article { author = {Mohamed, Samar and Ibrahim, Soha}, title = {Characterization and Management of Fungal Deterioration of Ancient Limestone at Different Sites Along Egypt}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Microbiology}, volume = {53}, number = {1}, pages = {177-191}, year = {2018}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology}, issn = {0022-2704}, eissn = {2357-0881}, doi = {10.21608/ejm.2018.4735.1068}, abstract = {FUNGI play a very treacherous role in the biodeterioration of stone monuments, leading to their loss. In order to preserve these monuments, the incidence and the biodeterioration effect of fungi on ancient limestone monuments at different Egyptian sites were evaluated. Specimens as well as swabs were collected from different Egyptian sites including, Seti Ι tomb at Luxor, Senusret Ι obelisk of Al Mattaryia district, Giza pyramid complex and related tomb, storehouse of National Museum of Egyptian Civilization (NMEC), Mosque of Judge Abd El Basset (Gamaliya), Roman Amphitheatre of Alexandria and Ismailia Museum of Antiquities. Seti Ι tomb, Mosque of judge Abd El basset and Senusret Ι obelisk were the most sites occupied by fungi, while Giza pyramid complex and Museum of Ismailia Antiquities were the lowest ones. Aspergillus niger and A. terreus were the most common and dominant fungal deteriogens of all archaeological sites, followed by Cladosporium cladosporidis, C. hebarum and A. fumigatus. Cladosporium herbarum showed the highest stone dissolution value, 23.3%, followed by A. terreus and A. niger (21.7% and 20.7%, respectively). Stone cubes incubated for two months with C. herbarum showed different aspects of deterioration including discoloration, dark pigmentation, powdering and dissolution. Also compressive strength and stone porosity were reduced by 27.7% and 25.7%, respectively. Synthetic antimicrobials; PCMC, certrimonium and TEAB inhibited all stone colonizing fungal isolates at concentrations of 1.25g/L, 5g/L and 2.5g/L, respectively, while natural antimicrobials; cinnamon, thyme and clove oil inhibited fungal isolates at concentrations of 5g/L, 5g/L and 10g/L, respectively.}, keywords = {Stone monuments,Fungal deterioration,Mineral dissolution,Simulation,antifungal activity}, url = {https://ejm.journals.ekb.eg/article_15892.html}, eprint = {https://ejm.journals.ekb.eg/article_15892_0e3649399cff39fe07ed42927ad0f80d.pdf} } @article { author = {AbdEl-Mongy, M. and Othman, Amal and Elkhateeb, Hamdy}, title = { In vitro Detection of Antibacterial Activity of Glycyrrhizic Acid Nanoparticle against ESBL Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Microbiology}, volume = {53}, number = {1}, pages = {193-205}, year = {2018}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology}, issn = {0022-2704}, eissn = {2357-0881}, doi = {10.21608/ejm.2018.5057.1072}, abstract = {EXTENDED-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains can present resistance to many antibiotic groups due to resistant genes. This study conducted to detect and identify multi-drug resistant (MDR), ESBL producing K. pneumoniae strains from different clinical samples with detection and sequencing of both Temoneira (TEM) and sulfhydryl variable (SHV) genes and using Glycyrrhizic acid nanoparticle as an antimicrobial agent for ESBL producing K. pneumoniae strains. One hundred and fifty clinical specimens were processed. ESBL producing K. pneumoniae strains were detected by double disk synergy test. TEM and SHV genes responsible for MDR in K. pneumoniae were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequence alignment was done using DNA sequencing. The effect of different concentrations of Nano Glycyrrhizic acid was determined. K. pneumoniae was detected in 53.3% of the total collected samples (80/150). Seventy one percent (57/80) of them were found to be multi-drug resistant strains and 63% (36/57) also found to contain the ESBL enzymes. Males were highly infected than females. TEM gene was detected in 52.8% of the ESBL isolates while SHV gene was detected in 72.2%. Twenty Five percent of the ESBL producing K. pneumoniae was found to contain both TEM and SHV genes. Nucleic acid sequence alignment of both genes showed some mutations. Chloramphenicol was found to be the drug of choice to overcome ESBL producing K. pneumoniae with inhibition of 97.2%. The antibacterial activity of Nano Glycyrrhizic acid revealed that 10μg/ml was found to be the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against ESBL producing K. pneumoniae isolates.}, keywords = { Klebsiella pneumoniae ,Glycyrrhizic acid,Multidrug-resistance}, url = {https://ejm.journals.ekb.eg/article_16842.html}, eprint = {https://ejm.journals.ekb.eg/article_16842_0d64f555465ab813894550a932a40809.pdf} } @article { author = {Rasmey, Abdel-Hamied and Mahran, Fatma}, title = {Bioactivity of Clove ( Syzygium aromaticum ) against Some Taxa of Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Fresh Ground Beef}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Microbiology}, volume = {53}, number = {1}, pages = {207-218}, year = {2018}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology}, issn = {0022-2704}, eissn = {2357-0881}, doi = {10.21608/ejm.2018.5398.1074}, abstract = {INVESTIGATION of antibacterial activity of some spices against some enteric bacterial species isolated from fresh ground beef was the aim of this study as well as the identification of the active metabolites of the selected active spice. A number of morphologically varied 90 enteric bacterial isolates were recovered on MacConkey agar from 20 fresh ground beef (cows) samples collected from butcher shops located at Suez City, Egypt. The collected 90 bacterial isolates were characterized into six groups based on their phenotypic characteristics according to Bergey’s manual and were identified genetically using 16S rRNA gene sequencing to Serratia nematodiphila, Proteus penneri, Enterobacter cloacea, Shigella sonnei, Providencia rettgeri and Escherichia fergusonii and deposited in GenBank with accession numbers KY712436, KY712438, KY712439, KY712440, KY712441 and KY712442, respectively. The aqueous extracts of seven spices: Cloves, thyme, cinnamon, ginger, anise, red pepper and curry were tested for their antibacterial activity against the isolated bacteria and the obtained results indicated that clove extract was the most active antibacterial among the other tested spices. The GC-MS analysis of the clove extract metabolites revealed that the active compound was the eugenol.}, keywords = {Antibacterial,Enterobacteriaceae,clove,eugenol,beef}, url = {https://ejm.journals.ekb.eg/article_19812.html}, eprint = {https://ejm.journals.ekb.eg/article_19812_3703d6ff96825a92c3f315e8a5dc2de3.pdf} } @article { author = {Rasmey, Abdel-Hamied}, title = {Kinetic Properties of α-amylase Produced by Bacillus megaterium RAS103 under Optimum Conditions in Submerged Fermentation}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Microbiology}, volume = {53}, number = {1}, pages = {219-230}, year = {2018}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology}, issn = {0022-2704}, eissn = {2357-0881}, doi = {10.21608/ejm.2018.5628.1075}, abstract = {THE CURRENT investigation is aimed to optimize the culture conditions for α-amylase production by Bacillus megaterium isolated from rabbit manure as well as to study the kinetic properties of the produced amylase. Out of 38 bacterial isolates recovered from 10 rabbit manure samples, 7 isolates were selected as highly amylase producers onto starch agar medium. Interestingly, the bacterial isolate RAS103 was selected as the most highly producer for amylase with activity 81.76±0.12U/ml in starch mineral broth medium using submerged fermentation method. This isolate was identified based on the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics as Bacillus megaterium and deposited in the GenBank database with the accession number MH817142.1. Amylase activity was maximized to 106.39±2.36U/ml under the optimized culture conditions of a fermentation medium of 2% starch supplemented by 3g/L yeast extract, adjusted at pH 8.0, inoculated with 1% bacterial inoculum and incubated at 35°C for 24h. The Vmax (maximum reaction velocity) and Km (Michaelis constant) values of the produced amylase were 81.30U/ml and 0.878mg/ml, respectively, for hydrolysis of starch in a reaction mixture of pH 6.0 at 45°C for 20min. These findings suggest the applicability of using the bacterial isolate B. megaterium RAS103 as a potential producer of α-amylase for industrial purposes.}, keywords = {amylase,fermentation,Optimization,Kinetics,genotypic}, url = {https://ejm.journals.ekb.eg/article_19813.html}, eprint = {https://ejm.journals.ekb.eg/article_19813_7a95345ff3ed5f2541caba633e70770c.pdf} } @article { author = {Basheer, Manar and Mekawey, Amal and El-Kafrawy, Sameh and Abouzeid, Mohamed}, title = {Antimicrobial Activities of Endophytic Fungi of Red Sea Aquatic Plant Avicennia marina }, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Microbiology}, volume = {53}, number = {1}, pages = {231-240}, year = {2018}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology}, issn = {0022-2704}, eissn = {2357-0881}, doi = {10.21608/ejm.2018.3833.1082}, abstract = {MEDICINAL plants endophytes are a promising trend to meet the increasing threat of drug-resistant strains of human pathogens. Mangrove plants (Avicennia marina) have been used in folklore medicines where extracts from mangrove species have proven inhibitory activity against human, animal and plant pathogens. This study focuses particularly on testing the antimicrobial activity of mangrove endophytic fungi isolated from South Safaga and Wadi Abu Hamrah mangrove along the Red Sea against different human pathogens. A total of 35 endophytic fungi were isolated from mangroves leaves at two study areas and were identified. Crude extracts of the endophytic isolated fungi were screened for their antimicrobial activity using a well diffusion method against the following pathogenic microorganisms; S. aureus, S. pyogenes, P. vulgaris, K. pneumoniae, B. subtilus, C. albicans, P. chrysogenum and A.niger. The most effective extracts which exhibited significant activity against most of the tested pathogens were from A. aculeatus, A. niger, A. terreus, E. amstelodami, E. rostratum and M. racemosus.}, keywords = {Mangroves,Avicennia marina,The Red Sea,Endophytic fungi,antimicrobial activity}, url = {https://ejm.journals.ekb.eg/article_21741.html}, eprint = {https://ejm.journals.ekb.eg/article_21741_d4257e8c2759f871794749f77420f620.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdel-Shafi, Seham and Shehata, Sabry and Shindia, Ahmed and El-Meligy, Khaled and Khidr, Asmaa}, title = {Biodegradation of Aflatoxins by Bacteria}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Microbiology}, volume = {53}, number = {1}, pages = {241-254}, year = {2018}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology}, issn = {0022-2704}, eissn = {2357-0881}, doi = {10.21608/ejm.2018.5752.1078}, abstract = {Aflatoxins (AFs) have great side effects on human, animals and crops. It causes severe illness to both human and animals, and play a major role in economic loss. Biological decontamination seems to be attractive. The present investigation aimed to found new and safe microorganisms able to degrade AFs and inhibit its producing fungi. Forty three bacterial isolates were isolated from different cultivated soils and animal feces. All isolates were screened for their ability to degrade AFs using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Nine bacterial isolates were able to degrade AFs using TLC and HPLC. HPLC results showed that AFs degradation ratio higher than 90% occurred by 3 bacterial cultures. The identification of the highly degrading isolate CaG6 (with 98.1% degradation ratio) was established by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Bacillus cereus. Then sequence was acquiesced to GenBank in accession number MG 751322 with 99% similarity to Bacillus cereus. Bacterial isolates CaG7 and IsW1 (with 94.6, 90.7% degradation ratio, respectively) has been identified by MALDI-TOF MS using the VITEK MS system (bioMérieux) as Brevibacillus sp1 and Brevibacillus sp2. Results showed that cell cultures (viable cells) were more effective in the degradation of AFs than cell free supernatant (CFS), while ppt exhibited no degradation. The three bacteria not only reduced AFs but it could also inhibit Aspergillus flavus NRRL 3145 with inhibition zone ≥20mm after incubation for 96h at 28°C. The AFs degradation by B. cereus, Brevibacillus sp1 and Brevibacillus sp2 enhanced by addition Mn+2 ions to the liquid media.}, keywords = {Aflatoxins (AFS), Bacillus cereus,Aspergillus flavus ,TLC and HPLC}, url = {https://ejm.journals.ekb.eg/article_21745.html}, eprint = {https://ejm.journals.ekb.eg/article_21745_2f962720eb34a03426cd93ca9ae804d7.pdf} }