National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and TechnologyEgyptian Journal of Microbiology0022-270457120221201Isolation of Polyvinyl Alcohol Degrading Fungi and Improvement of Degradation Activity11423619510.21608/ejm.2022.111898.1203ENMetwally A.MetwallyBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.Mohamed Y.BedaiwyBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.Noha A.El-SebaiiBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.Anwer S.M.El-BadryBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.Journal Article20211218IN THE PRESENT study, thirty-one isolates were collected from different locations in Tanta city, Gharbia Governorate, Egypt. These isolates were screened for their polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) - degrading ability as a sole carbon source in the culture medium. Among the thirty-one tested isolates, only Seventeen were found PVA degraders belonging to genera Penicillium, Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Fusarium and Ulocladium. The highest degradation percentages were recorded for Penicillium polonicum ON024147 (25.7%) and Aspergillus niger ON012795 (24.28%). The culture conditions were optimized for maximum PVA-degradation of 88% and 90% by P. polonicum and A. niger, respectively. The optimum static culture conditions for P. polonicum were adjusted at pH 5 and incubation at 30°C for 6 days in the presence of starch as a co-carbon source and KNO3 as a nitrogen source with PVA conc. 10g/L. For A. niger, the optimum growth conditions were at pH=6, 30°C, static culture, for 6 days, cellulose as a co-carbon source, sodium nitrate as a nitrogen source and PVA conc.= 10g/L.https://ejm.journals.ekb.eg/article_236195_770c23158c4f4e704f22eb30685031fb.pdfNational Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and TechnologyEgyptian Journal of Microbiology0022-270457120221201Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Activities of CuxFe3-xO4/PANI Nanocomposites153424755410.21608/ejm.2022.116185.1206ENMohammed A.EidBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, EgyptAbeer A.El-HelalyChemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, EgyptMohamed Y.El-SheikhChemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, EgyptHosny A.El-DalyChemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, EgyptAli H.GemeayChemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, EgyptJournal Article20220213MAGNETIC nanocomposites loaded with antimicrobial drugs have grown in popularity for treating infectious diseases due to their magnetic properties and the ability to penetrate bacteria cells. In this research, CuxFe3-xO4 nanoparticles and CuxFe3-xO4/PANI nanocomposites were synthesized, characterized, and examined for their antimicrobial activity. The in-situ oxidative polymerization of aniline in the presence of CuxFe3-xO4 nanoparticles produced CuxFe3-xO4/PANI nanocomposites with distinct spinel ferrites. XRD, FT-IR, VSM, SEM, EDX, TEM, and XPS techniques confirmed the successful synthesis of the CuxFe3-xO4/PANI nanocomposites. The analysis of magnetization patterns of CuxFe3-xO4/PANI nanocomposites revealed their superparamagnetic characteristics. With increasing Cu2+ ratios, both the pure copper ferrites nanoparticles and the CuxFe3-xO4/PANI nanocomposites exhibited enhanced antimicrobial effects against gram-positive (Staph), gram-negative (E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumoniae), and fungi such as (C. albicans), which is consistent with decreasing the order of crystal size (nm) and the lattice strain, where crystal size and lattice strain decreased with increasing Cu2+ ratio. SEM micrographs revealed changes in bacterial shape, deformation of fungal cell walls, and bacterial and yeast colonies collapsing. Furthermore, the nanocomposites are more effective against gram-negative bacteria and Candida albicans than gram-positive bacteria, displaying the alteration of bacterial shape, fungal cell wall deformation, and collapsing bacterial and yeast colonies. The results presented an approach for using CuxFe3-xO4 and CuxFe3-xO4/PANI as an alternative promising antimicrobial agent against several multidrug-resistant microbes.https://ejm.journals.ekb.eg/article_247554_d59c17db16c33c479c9a37c2a1176db6.pdfNational Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and TechnologyEgyptian Journal of Microbiology0022-270457120221201Phytochemical Screening, Chemical Composition, and Antimicrobial Activities of Abutilon pannosum (Forst.f.) Schlecht. Collected from Shada Mountain, Al-Baha Region, Saudi Arabia354725093310.21608/ejm.2022.115399.1204ENAl-Ghamdi YahyaAbdulazizDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, P.O. Box 1988, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia0002-3257-8953Journal Article20220109THIS STUDY was conducted to determine the phytochemical constituents and in vitro antimicrobialactivity of Abutilonn pannosum (Forst.f.) Schlecht, locally known as ‘ragged mallow, leaf extracts growing wildly in Al-Baha region, Saudi Arabia. The plant leaves were collected, air-dried, macerated, and then extracted with ethanol, chloroform and hot water. The phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus),Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and the yeast fungus Candida albicans were determined. Results showed that the extracts had saponins, coumarin, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, and steroids. GC/MS analysis of ethanol extract revealed 32 compounds, the most important of which were 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester, and methyl 10-trans,12-cis-octadecadienoate, while chloroform extract revealed 36 bioactive compounds, the most important of which was phytol, and aqueous extract revealed 43 bioactive compounds, the most important of which was benzyldiethyl (2,6-xylylcarbamoylmethyl) ammonium benzoate. Ethanol extract’s antimicrobial activity increased with concentration, from inactive at 25-50mg/mL to moderately active at 100-200mg/mL to active at 300mg/mL. At all concentrations, the activity of chloroform extract was slightly higher, ranging from moderately active to active. The chloroform extract was most effective against all microorganisms tested compared to ethanol and water extracts. This plant can be useful as antimicrobial agent against pathogenic microorganisms, which may be used in food and pharmaceutical industry.https://ejm.journals.ekb.eg/article_250933_c35ee5c637c2eed109a2b57dec653268.pdfNational Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and TechnologyEgyptian Journal of Microbiology0022-270457120221201Molecular Characterization of Multi-drug Resistant Streptococcus pyogenes and Its Eradication Using Essential Oil of Zingiber officinale as a Natural Antimicrobial Agent496027268410.21608/ejm.2022.160145.1217ENMahmoud IAbdEl-MongyMicrobial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, Sadat City University, Sadat City, Egypt0000-0002-3516-5935Abdallah S.WehadaMicrobial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, Sadat City University, Sadat City, EgyptAmal S.OthmanNutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, October 6th University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20220902Multidrug-resistant (MDR) <em>Streptococcus pyogenes</em> is implicated in a variety of diseases. <em>S. pyogenes</em> has been found to produce novel enzymes to break down antibiotics more than most other bacteria. This study aimed to detect and to identify <em>S. pyogenes</em> in some clinical samples by serotyping method especially multidrug resistant <em>S. pyogenes</em> with detection and sequencing of <em>meF </em>and<em> ermB </em>genes<em> </em>responsible for Macrolide<em> </em>resistance<em>, parC</em> gene responsible for Quinelone resistance and <em>folP</em> gene responsible for Sulfonamide resistance and using essential oil of <em>Ginger (Zingiber officinale)</em> as a natural treatment agent for MDR <em>S. pyogenes</em> strains. <em>S. pyogenes</em> was detected in 60/120 throat and blood samples (50.0%). 36/60 samples were found to be multidrug resistant. Men were more likely infected than women. The results indicated that 52.8% of <em>S. pyogenes </em>isolates harbored <em>meF</em> gene, 72.2% harbored <em>ermB</em> gene, 100.0% harbored <em>parC </em>gene and 100.0% harbored <em>folP</em> gene while 25% of them harbored the four genes. The sequencing alignment of <em>meF, ermB, parC </em>and <em>folP</em> genes showed some mutations in the four genes ranged between inversion mutation in <em>meF</em> gene, substitution mutation in <em>ermB</em> and <em>parC </em>genes and deletion and inversion mutations in <em>folP</em> gene. <em>Zingiber officinale </em>essential oil was analysed by GC-MS which illustrated that 17-Octadecynoic acid was the most common ingredient with percentage of 48.27%. 20µg/ml was found to be the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC)https://ejm.journals.ekb.eg/article_272684_1372d1b4cfbe841b2100114eeb06335d.pdfNational Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and TechnologyEgyptian Journal of Microbiology0022-270457120221201Tetracycline Resistance Genes Prevalence in Enterococcus spp. from Dairy Products in Egypt617427596710.21608/ejm.2022.163968.1218ENFeriala A.Abo SafeBotany Department, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20220926The frequency and dispersion of tetracycline resistance and virulence traits were investigated in <em>Enterococcus </em>spp. isolated from milk and traditional cheeses in Egypt. Forty-seven presumptive enterococci were isolated, whereas thirty-four <em>Enterococcus </em>spp. isolates were examined for tetracycline antimicrobial sensitivity and antibiotic resistance genes (TET). The findings displayed that <em>Enterococcus </em>spp. isolates were highly resistant to amoxicillin /clavulanate, followed by oxytetracycline, ampicillin, tetracycline, doxytetracycline and ciprofloxacin. The frequency for tetracycline resistance genes<em>( tet </em>K<em> , tet</em>M<em> , tet</em>O<em> </em>and<em> tet </em>S) was estimated at 85.29% (29/34), 67.65% (23/34), 50 % (17/34) and 29.4 % (10/34) respectively. Six isolates out of seventeen were identified using 16SrRNA as <em>Enterococcus faecalis.</em> Seventeen isolates of <em>Enterococcus </em>spp<em>.</em> and <em>Enterococcus facials</em> isolates were tested for virulence traits. Findings displayed that all the tested Enterococci isolates produced biofilm and gelatinase enzyme except one isolate, which was negative for gelatinase production. On the other hand, all the tested isolates (17) were negative for hemolysin production. It could be concluded that <em>Enterococcus</em> spp. and<em> E</em>. <em>faecalis</em> have continually been recognized as adaptable pathogens, an indicator of faecal pollution in food, and documented for their aptitude to remove genetic material through portable genetic materials and distribute antibiotic resistance amongst extra bacteria. Therefore, faecal contamination of milk and its products must be prevented by applying strict hygienic measures and control of antibiotic use. https://ejm.journals.ekb.eg/article_275967_804b4fdc782348716c149b24cadab2db.pdfNational Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and TechnologyEgyptian Journal of Microbiology0022-270457120221201In silico Homology Modeling of Five Aspergillus oryzae Extracellular Proteins and Docking with Silver Nanoparticles758728659010.21608/ejm.2023.176267.1220ENHudaAbdelHamidBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, EgyptMarwaObiedallahBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt0000-0002-8359-1664Journal Article20221122The use of computational methods for constructing a protein model to support experimental findings aid in answering a great number of questions about the mechanisms underlying various scientific processes. Constructing a protein model and molecular docking computationally can present a clear explanation of biological process integrating to experimental findings. One of the most precise methods currently available is detecting a homolog to a specific amino acid sequence to use it as a template for modeling. In this paper, we present synthesis of 13.6 ± 2.2nm silver nanoparticles using extracellular filtrate of <em>Aspergillus</em> <em>oryzae</em> and homology modeling of five<em> </em>targeted extracellular proteins, as well as homology prediction for each protein’s active site. In addition, a nanoparticle of silver that docks with all five proteins is evaluated <em>in silico</em>. According to the results, only 32 out of 50 top 10 solutions for each protein contained polar oxygen or nitrogen atom neighbors. Seven of the 50 solutions for FAD-dependent oxidoreductase contained the greatest number of detectable polar neighbors (six measurements). This finding supports the hypothesis that extracellular fungal proteins play a crucial role in capping silver nanoparticles at various positions and preventing aggregation and sedimentation of nanoparticles. Through homology modeling and docking, we reveal the interaction between FAD-dependent oxidoreductase and silver nanoparticles for the first time.https://ejm.journals.ekb.eg/article_286590_7fe6ecd372bfda252626a0a46f081d80.pdfNational Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and TechnologyEgyptian Journal of Microbiology0022-270457120221201Usage of Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride as Colorimetric Reagent for Quantitative Assay of Sulfamethoxazole Drug and Applications on Different Some Infection Treatment Preparations899929445510.21608/ejm.2023.181202.1223ENHaydar S.M.AL-HujaimiDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kufa University, Najaf, IraqMohauman M.AL- RufaieDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kufa University, Najaf, Iraqhttp://orcid.org/000Zahraa M.M.Alrufaie) Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, Jabir ibn Hayyan Medical University, , Najaf, IraqJournal Article20221215Sulfamethoxazole (SMS) was determined using a straightforward, quick, and sensitive spectrophotometric approach that was described, the method is centered on the development of a stable water-soluble a product that maximum absorption at 515 nm by Trifluoperazine hydrochloride's oxidative coupling reaction (TRF) and (SMS) utilizing nitrate cerium ammonium (CAN) acting as the oxidizing agent in a medium of acidic. Depending on the concentration of SMS, the law of beer was the concentration of range of 2-38g.ml<sup>-1</sup>and a molar absorptivity of 1.47 x 10<sup>3</sup> L.mol<sup>-1</sup>.cm<sup>-1</sup>, one that is related of -0.026 to +5.5, and in a concentration, Beer's law is applied. a relative standard deviation was 0.136 to 0.319%.the sensitivity of Sandell's was 0.172 g.cm<sup>-1</sup> and the limit of detection (LOD) were 0.645 g/ml<sup>-1</sup> and (LOQ) were 2.15 g/ml<sup>-1</sup> The suggested approach has been effectively used to determine SMS in several.https://ejm.journals.ekb.eg/article_294455_56f1de1e06661dc7878e28f8d8920f2b.pdf