National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and TechnologyEgyptian Journal of Microbiology0022-270455The 14th Conference of Applied Microbiology20200601Production of Green Barley Sprouts on Rice Straw in the Presence of Microbial Inoculants and Elevated CO2 as an Unconventional Dual Bio-Food and Fodders1149868310.21608/ejm.2019.18491.1118ENMonaZayedAgricultural Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt0000-0002-2838-0100NahedEissaCentral Laboratory for Agric. Climate, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, EgyptTahanyAlyRegional Center for Food and Feed, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, EgyptMosaadHassaneinCentral Laboratory for Agric. Climate, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, EgyptMamdouhAbdallahHorticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20191021THE AIM of this investigation is to evaluate the nutritional quality and productivity of green barley sprouts and spent sprouts (roots and basal medium) cultivated on rice straw rather than using a conventional hydroponic system. To optimize the resulting products, barley was cultivated under a range of CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations and in the presence of up to three different microbial inoculants. Barley sprouts both treated with 800ppm CO<sub>2</sub> and grown on rice straw in the presence of a consortium of <em>Azotobacter chroococcum</em>, <em>Bacillus megaterium</em> and <em>Pseudomonas fluorescens</em> showed significantly greatest shoot length (16.4 and 15.33cm), shoot fresh weight (1315.03 and 1217.95g/m<sup>2</sup>) and dry weight (185.11 and 171.45g/m<sup>2</sup>) than sprouts subjected to the other treatments when harvested at the first and second cuts, respectively, beside the highest significant protein (21.79%) and lipid (2.14%) levels than sprouts subjected to the other treatments when harvested at the first cut. Spent sprouts subjected to the same treatment showed significantly highest protein (8.95%), and lipid (1.98%) levels, significantly lowest crude fiber (21.93%) and a lowest C/N ratio (31.8). The highest significant spent sprout yield (3302.1 g/m<sup>2</sup>) was obtained when sprouts were grown in the absence of inoculants and under ambient air conditions. This study demonstrates the possibility of increasing the productivity and nutritive value of barley sprouts by cultivating sprouts on rice straw via different microbial inoculants in combination with elevated CO<sub>2</sub>. The sprouts produced using this unconventional cultivation method was termed dual bio-barley fodder.National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and TechnologyEgyptian Journal of Microbiology0022-270455The 14th Conference of Applied Microbiology20200601Bioaccumulation of Chromium by Autochthonous Bacteria Associated With The Heavy Metal- Resistant Halophyte Arthrocnemum macrostachyum 15269869010.21608/ejm.2020.19136.1125ENNesmaYoughlyDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, EgyptHeba S.TaherDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptHanan H.YoussefEnvironmental Studies and Research Unit (ESRU), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, EgyptMohammedFayezEnvironmental Studies and Research Unit (ESRU), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, EgyptMagdy I.EL-BanaDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, EgyptMona M.ELbousDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, EgyptN.A.HegaziEnvironmental Studies and Research Unit (ESRU), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20191105<em>ARTHROCNEMUM macrostachyum</em> is a halophyte naturally growing on Manzala Lake shoreline of Egypt and able to tolerate and accumulate heavy metals. The use of metal-resistant rhizobacteria is an important technology to improve the tolerance capability of the halophytes in metal-polluted environments. A total of 33 bacterial isolates were obtained from the root system of <em>A. macrostachyum</em> and screened for resistance to 1.25 and 12.5mM of Cr(VI) in plant-based culture medium prepared from the halophyte shoot juice. The six most tolerant isolates were identified based on cell morphology and API microtube profiles. Those isolates were found closely related to <em>Bacillus lentus, Burkholderia cepacia, Raoultella</em> <em>ornithinolytica</em> and <em>Providencia retgeri i</em>ndicated on the online database. Among the strains tested for their ability to accumulate chromium, Bacillus lentus was the most effective with an average accumulation percentage of 17.8, <em>Providencia retgeri</em> ranked thereafter (15.1%). <em>Bacillus circulan</em>ce was the least with a negligible accumulation level of 0.5%. The biosorption rate of the heavy metal was contact time- and bacterial strain-dependent. Again, <em>Bacillus lentus</em> showed the highest uptake capacity of 32.8mg g-1, a parameter that positively correlated with contact time (r= 0.865), this was not the case with <em>Burkholderia cepacia</em> where the correlation was negative (r= – 0.811). When introduced into an <em>aqueous</em> solution of 25mg L<sup>-1</sup> Cr(VI), Burkholderia cepacia was the superior in Cr(VI) reduction (86.7%), while <em>Bacillus</em> circulance failed to reduce the heavy metal. The pH 5.5 was the most favorable for bacterial Cr accumulation which proportionally decreased as the acidity of the solution increased. This study provides more understanding of the significant contribution of the heavy metal-tolerant microbiome to improve the metal remediation efficiency of halophytic plant covers of stressed environments.National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and TechnologyEgyptian Journal of Microbiology0022-270455The 14th Conference of Applied Microbiology20200601Selective Coagulation Mechanism of Moringa oleifera Seeds on Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacteria27359869310.21608/ejm.2020.19697.1129ENAtef M.DiabBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptHisham M.ShafikBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Port-Said University, Port-Said, EgyptSarahAbdelrafeeBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptJournal Article20200112IT MAY BE more practical and reliable to use coagulants such as <em>Moringa oleifera</em> (<em>M. oleifera</em>) instead of chemicals such as alum in rural areas where the economic situation, small population densities and affordability are key elements in achieving drinking water quality. This study focused on the coagulation power of M. oleifera seed powder water extract concentrations (v/v) (0.5%, 1% and 2%) at different time intervals (1, 2 and 3hrs). The efficacy of coagulation expressed in total viable bacteria (TVB) and total coliform (TC) counts increased with all concentrations as well as contact time, using Cellulose Nitrate Filter, 47mm diameter and pore size 0.45μm. Total microorganisms in the filtrate were enumerated using Nutrient agar and MacConkey agar culture media. <em>Salmonella & Shigella</em> and Vibrios were also enumerated using the same technique on Salmonella & Shigella agar (S&S) and thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose agar (TCBS) culture media. There is dramatically decrease in all types and groups of bacteria after treatment with <em>M. oleifera</em> seed powder. After 1hr and 0.5%<em> M. oleifera</em> extract, counts of TVB, TC, S&S and Vibrios decreased by 95.5%, 98.4%, 98.9% and 85.3%, respectively. At 1% the decrease were 96.6%, 98.1%, 97.9% and 98.4%, respectively and at 2% the decreases were 97.3%, 98.2%, 98.4% and 85.5%, respectively. This will directly lead to risky bacterial population imbalance resulting in relatively high incidence of Gram-negative bacteria (usually pathogenic) compared with Gram-positive bacteria.National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and TechnologyEgyptian Journal of Microbiology0022-270455The 14th Conference of Applied Microbiology20200601Resistance, Persistence and Tolerance Significance of MDR Nosocomial Bacterial Infections in ICUs in Relation to MBC/MIC37469869510.21608/ejm.2020.19701.1130ENAtefDiabFaculty of Science, Seuz Canal Univerisity, Seuz, Egypt.Wesam A.YounisNew Cairo Police Hospital, Cairo, EgyptEmad R.AhmedNew Cairo Police Hospital, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20191126NOSOCOMIAL infections are a major challenge, as one third of yearly admissions estimated as deaths. In intensive care units (ICUs), Gram-negative pathogens are responsible for the majority of these deadly infections. Multidrug resistance (MDR) in the seorganisms has been attributed to production of modified enzymes responsible of elevated MICs and MBC/MICs putting them in the transient stages for persistence and tolerance. Bacterial cells those can survive high doses of antibiotics comprise a subpopulation of persistent but not resistant cells. Bacterial isolates (326) were collected from nosocomial infections via microbiology laboratories of police hospitals in Cairo. Frequency-wise, it was found that <em>Escherichia</em> is the most frequent (155), <em>Pseudomonas</em> (96), <em>Staphylococcus</em> (34),<em> Klebsiella</em> (24), <em>Proteus</em> (16) while <em>Citrobacter</em> is the least frequent (1). <em>Pseudomonas</em>, <em>Klebsiella</em>, <em>Proteus</em> and <em>Citrobacter</em> showed the highest MDRs, with the highest MICs in a descending order. Results clearly indicated the high risk of the two Pseudomonas aeruginosa from sputum and urine persisting (inhibited but not killed) against MICs 3 tested antibiotics; CRO, AMC and FEB. It is highly recommended here to run tests for MBC/MICs to choose the antibiotic with least MBC/MIC ratio; less than four, in order to reduce the transient persistent and/ or tolerant stages.National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and TechnologyEgyptian Journal of Microbiology0022-270455The 14th Conference of Applied Microbiology20200601Effect of Physicochemical Parameters on Inorganic Phosphate Solubilisation by Serratia marcescens PH1 and Organic Acids Production47569869710.21608/ejm.2020.19042.1123ENEmanMohamedBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egyptorcid.org/0000-0002-Azza G.FaragDepartment of Virus and Phytoplasma Research, Institute of Plant Pathology Research, Agricultural Research Centre, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20191104PHOSPHATE solubilizing bacteria are capable to release inorganic phosphate and make it available to plants for growth enhancement. In this study, <em>Serratia marcescens</em> PH1, which has been isolated from tomato plant rhizosphere, has been subjected to different physical and chemical parameters for optimization of its phosphate solubilisation capacity. The best temperature, inoculum percentage, agitation rate, incubation time, and pH value were found to be 30℃, 1.5%, 150rpm, 5 days, and 7-8, respectively. The best carbon source for phosphate solubilisation among 5 different sources, glucose, sucrose, galactose, maltose, and arabinose, was glucose which allows for releasing 797mg/L of P. Besides, casein was the best nitrogen source for phosphorus release (853mg/L) and Ca<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> in Pikovskaya medium was the best P source (855mg/L). The key factors affecting P release in the modified Pikovskaya medium were glucose, casein and inoculum percentage. P concentration in the modified Pikovskaya culture medium was 853mg/ml comparing with only 749mg/L in the classical formula. For freeing of P, Serratia marcescens PH1 produces organic acids such as citric, lactic, malic, and benzoic acids. Phosphorus yield was increased gradually with organic acids production till reaching 861mg/ml in 5 days with pH drop to 1.1. pqqC (a gene responsible of PQQ production) gene fragment of approx. 568 bp was successfully amplified in phosphate solubilizing bacteria. Detection of pqq genes is an evidence of gluconic acid production capability. This acid is a well known biocontrol agent. <em>Serratia marcescens</em> PH1 is a strong phosphate solubilizer and we are planning to conduct more wide-scale experiments in pots to optimize the utilization of such bacterium before conducting agricultural applications as a plant growth promoter and a biocontrol agent.National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and TechnologyEgyptian Journal of Microbiology0022-270455The 14th Conference of Applied Microbiology20200601Safe Application and Preservation Efficacy of Low-toxic Rhamnolipids Produced from Ps. aeruginosa for Cosmetics and Personal Care Formulation57709870010.21608/ejm.2020.19131.1124ENAtef M.DiabBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptSamiIbrahimBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt0000-0001-8730-1647Hesham M.AbdullaBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt0000-0001-6901-1611Journal Article20191105THE INTEREST in natural antimicrobial preservatives is rapidly grown due to their exceptional properties such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, and lower toxicity. On the contrary, common synthesized preservatives are more toxic, partially or non-degradable, and have undesirable side effects on human health and the environment. Furthermore, the resistance of microorganisms to current antimicrobial preservatives is increasing. In the present study, rhamnolipid was produced from <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> ATCC 9027, and twelve congeners of rhamnolipids were elucidated by ESI-MS. Additionally, rhamnolipids reduced the surface tension of water to 26mN/m with a critical micelle concentration value of 22mg/L. The produced rhamnolipids showed prominent lower toxicity against the brine shrimp Artemia salina than those of positive control and methylisothiazolinone. A significantant antimicrobial effect of rhamnolipids was achieved <em>in vitro,</em> whereas the disc diffusion assay showed noticeable inhibition zones around the paper discs saturated with different concentrations of the rhamnolipid produced in this study, with MICs ranged between 8 and 336μg/ml against <em>Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces</em> <em>cerevisiae, Candida albicans</em> and <em>Aspergillus brasiliensis.</em> Moreover, a promising preservation efficacy of the produced rhamnolipid was obtained when applied to a personal care formulation model even after 28 days of incubation, with reduction values of about 3 and 1 expressed in log units for bacteria and fungi, respectively. However, rhamnolipids could be recommended as a powerful nontoxic bio-preservative for personal care formulations.National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and TechnologyEgyptian Journal of Microbiology0022-270455The 14th Conference of Applied Microbiology20200601Effects of Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms on Wheat Yield and Phosphatase Activity71869870310.21608/ejm.2020.20675.1137ENRawia O.Shams El-DeenSoils, Water and Environmental Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt0000-0003-3097-751XSamy A. M.Abd El-AzeemSoil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptAtef F.Abd ElwahabSoils, Water and Environmental Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, EgyptSaleh S.MabroukSoil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, EgyptJournal Article20191208PHOSPHATE solubilizing capacity of four strains, <em>Pseudomonas fluorescence, Bacillus megaterium, Serratia marcescens,</em> and<em> Bacillus subtilis</em> was assessed in liquid National Botanical Research Institute’s phosphate medium containing rock phosphate (RP). A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi alone or in combination with each strain with and without RP on wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> Gemeza-9) growth, yield, nutrient uptake and the activity of alkaline phosphatase. The amounts of P released from RP by bacterial strains ranged from 0.22 to 80.8mg P L<sup>-1</sup> and the pH values of the cultures were reduced from initial value of 7.3 to values varied between 4.04 and 6.62. The results indicated that <em>B. subtilis</em> was the most effective strain in solubilizing RP in liquid culture. The combined inoculation with bacterial strains and AM fungi led to a significant increase in soil P content and alkaline phosphatase activity compared with both the non-inoculated and the individually inoculated soil, and this increase was much higher after 69 days comparing with those after 130 days. In RP-amended soil, <em>B. subtilis</em> and <em>P.</em> <em>fluorescence</em> were more effective in increasing NPK uptake of wheat straw and grains compared with <em>S. marcescens</em> and<em> B.</em> <em>megaterium</em> when inoculated with AM fungi. This study is concluded that the combined inoculation plus RP gave better results for wheat grown in sandy soil. Further researches are required to estimate this study under field conditions and different soils to give reliable results.National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and TechnologyEgyptian Journal of Microbiology0022-270455The 14th Conference of Applied Microbiology20200601Biological Control of Green Bean Damping-off Disease Caused by Rhizoctonia solani by Streptomyces parvulus Strain 10d87949870710.21608/ejm.2020.22329.1145ENA.S.KorayemAgricultural Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptA.A.AbdelhafezAgricultural Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptM.M.ZakiAgricultural Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptE.A.SalehAgricultural Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20200112THIS STUDY aimed to evaluate the efficacy of applying spores and chitinase enzyme of Streptomyces parvulus strain 10d in biological control of damping-off disease caused by <em>Rhizoctonia solani</em> in green beans (<em>Phaseulus vulgaris</em>) and compare it with Rhizolex fungicide application. Five seeds of green bean were sown in plastic pots, filled with either sterilized or non-sterilized soils, infested with R. solani inoculum (5g/kg soil). Pots were kept in the greenhouse for 45 days from sowing. Pre-emergence damping-off was recorded 15 day from planting and post-emergence damping-off and survival rate were recorded 30 days from planting. Plants growth characteristics were recorded 45 days of sowing.<br />Results showed that Rhizolex treatment had the best survival rate and lowest root–rot severity (79 and 25%), followed by crude enzyme treatment (76 and 25%), then spores’ treatment (75 and 27%, respectively), in infested and non-sterilized soils.<br />For plant growth characteristics, in infested and non-sterilized soil, spores’ treatment had the best effect on plant height (41.5cm), followed by crude enzyme (39.5cm) and Rhizolex treatments (34.6cm). Numbers of leaves/plant were the highest in Rhizolex (17), followed by spores (15) and enzyme treatments (14). Numbers of pods/plant were 14 in Rhizolex treatment and 11 in crude enzyme and spores’ treatments. The highest dry weight was recorded in spores’ treatment followed by Rhizolex treatment (10 and 7 g/plant, respectively). <br /> Conclusions: results suggest that using chitinolytic <em>Streptomyces</em> strain 10d for the biological control of R. salani and damping-off disease of green bean plants can be an attractive alternative for pesticides in organic agriculture.