Determination the Presence of Antibiotics Residues in Raw Buffalo Milk in Assiut Governorate, Egypt

Ninety samples of raw buffalo milk were collected randomly from markets in different localities in Assiut Governorate, Egypt. Samples were collected during the period from July 2022 to June  2023 from dairy farms, farmers' houses, and street vendors (thirty of each) to detect antibiotic residues in samples.  Acidification test and Agar diffusion test were used in this study which has been applied in the European Community since 1 January 2002 (the European 91/180.CEE, EC Regulation Nr. 1664/2006), and described by the official European method for detecting antibiotic residues in milk (Commission Decision 91/180/EEC of 14 February 1991) . The results show that the presence of antibiotics residues in 48 (53.33% ) from a total of 90 examined raw milk samples and the frequency distribution in dairy farms, farmers' houses, and street vendors (30 each)  examined samples based on acidification diffusion test were 28 ( 93.33%), 6 ( 20%) and 14 (46.66% )  respectively and antibiotics residues by agar diffusion test were 46 (95.84% ) from total 48 examined raw milk samples and the frequency distribution in examined samples were  27 ( 96.43%)  & 6 ( 100%) &13 (92.86% ) from 28 & 6 & 14   respectively. The families of antibiotics residues in the examined samples based on the Agar diffusion test were Penicillins, Tetracyclines Macrolides, Aminosides, and Sulfamides and the corresponding  Antibiotics were (Penicillin G, Tetracycline), (Spiramycin, Erythromycin &Streptomicin ) and (Trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole ) respectively. The high distribution frequency of contamination percentage with penicillin and /or tetracycline was 24 (52.17%) from a total of 46 examined samples and the frequency distribution were 14 (51.85%), 3 ( 50%) and 7 (53.85% ) in other hand percentages of contamination with Macrolides and/or Aminosides were 12(26.09%) from total 46 examined raw milk samples and the frequency distribution were where 5 (18.52%), 2 (33.33%) and 5(38.46% ) while the percentage of contamination with Sulfamides were 10 (21.74) from total 46 examined raw milk samples and the frequency distribution were  8 (29.63%), 1 (16.67%) and 1(7.69% ) from (27,6 and 13) examined positives raw milk samples of dairy farms, farmers houses, and street vendors respectively. The healthy importance, of antibiotic residues in raw milk and the methods of antibiotic control were discussed.